Workbook for Principles of Radiographic Imaging - Elsevier eBook on VitalSource, 7th Edition

Preface
Exposure Technique Factors
Laboratory Equipment and Materials

UNIT I: Creating the Beam
Worksheet 1-1 Basic Mathematics Review
Worksheet 1-2 Units of Measurement
Worksheet 2-1 Basic Atomic Theory
Worksheet 2-2 Electromagnetic Radiation
Laboratory 3-1 Laws of Electrostatics and Electrodynamics
Laboratory 3-2 Ohm’s Law and Resistance
Laboratory 4-1 Laws of Magnetism and Magnetic Induction
Laboratory 4-2 Electromagnetic Induction
Worksheet 4-3 Generators, Motors, and Alternating and Direct Current
Worksheet 4-4 Transformers, Autotransformers, and Capacitors
Worksheet 4-5 Rectification
Worksheet 5-1 X-Ray Tubes
Worksheet 5-2 Rating Charts and Cooling Charts
Worksheet 6-1 A Basic X-Ray Circuit
Worksheet 7-1 X-Ray Production

UNIT II: Protecting Patients and Personnel
Laboratory 8-1 Using Dosimetry Equipment
Worksheet 8-2 Units and Measurements Used in Radiation Protection
Laboratory 9-1 Basic Radiation Protection, Detection, and Measurement
Laboratory 9-2 The Effect of Rotating the Collimator for a Hip Projection on Patient Dose
Laboratory 10-1 Half-Value Layer Determination
Laboratory 10-2 Effects of Filtration
Worksheet 11-1 Calculating Prime Factors
Laboratory 11-2 Effect of mAs, kVp, and SID on X-Ray Emission
Worksheet 12-1 X-Ray Interactions
Laboratory 13-1 Estimating Patient Entrance Skin Exposure
Laboratory 14-1 Beam Restriction

UNIT III: Creating the Image
Laboratory 15-1 Thinking Three-Dimensionally
Laboratory 16-1 Effect of Subject on Attenuation and Scatter
Laboratory 16-2 The Effect of Pathology on Image Quality
Laboratory 17-1 Grid Comparisons and Conversions
Laboratory 17-2 Grid Errors
Laboratory 17-3 The Moire Effect When Utilizing Computed Radiographic Systems
Laboratory 18-1 Determining and Controlling AEC Configurations
Laboratory 18-2 The Effect of Positioning on Automatic Exposure Control
Laboratory 18-3 The Effect of Collimation on Automatic Exposure Control
Worksheet 19-1 Digital Imaging Formation and Processing
Worksheet 19-2 Digital Matrix
Laboratory 19-3 Digital Image Post-Processing and Manipulation
Laboratory 19-4 Manipulating Window Level and Window Width
Laboratory 19-5 The Effect of Cropping to Replace Collimation
Laboratory 19-6 The Effect of Detector Saturation and Quantum Noise on Image Quality
Worksheet 20-1 Computed Radiography (CR) Image Acquisition
Laboratory 20-2 CR/DR Exposure Factor Selection
Laboratory 20-3 Computed Radiography/Digital Radiography Processing Errors
Worksheet 20-4 Digital Radiography (DR) Image Acquisition
Laboratory 20-5 Establishing a Technique Chart
Worksheet 20-6 Exposure Indicator Values
Worksheet 20-7 Deviation Index Values
Worksheet 21-1 Display Monitor Characteristics
Worksheet 22-1 Informatics in Medical Imaging
Worksheet 23-1 Artificial Intelligence

UNIT IV: Analyzing the Image
Laboratory 24-1 Evaluating Acceptance Limits
Laboratory 25-1 The Effect of mAs on IR Exposure
Laboratory 25-2 The Effect of kVp on IR Exposure — The 15 Percent Rule
Laboratory 25-3 Determining Adequate Penetration
Laboratory 25-4 The Effect of Distance on IR Exposure — The Exposure Maintenance Formula
Laboratory 25-5 The Effect of Tissue Density and Subject Contrast on IR Exposure
Worksheet 25-6 Image Receptor Exposure Analysis
Laboratory 26-1 The Effect of kVp on Image Contrast
Laboratory 26-2 The Effect of Subject Contrast and Tissue Density on Image Contrast
Laboratory 26-3 The Effect of Grids on Image Contrast
Worksheet 26-4 Image Contrast Analysis
Worksheet 27-1 The Geometric Properties Math Problems
Laboratory 27-2 The Effect of Distance on Spatial Resolution
Laboratory 27-3 The Effect of Focal Spot Size on Spatial Resolution
Laboratory 27-4 The Effect of Motion on Spatial Resolution
Worksheet 27-5 Image Resolution Analysis
Laboratory 28-1 The Effect of Distance on Size Distortion
Laboratory 28-2 The Effect of Alignment, Centering, and Angulation on Shape Distortion
Laboratory 28-3 The Effect of Cropping One Projection to Replace Another on Shape Distortion
Laboratory 28-4 Effect of Improper Anatomical Part Alignment on Shape Distortion
Worksheet 28-5 Distortion Analysis
Laboratory 29-1 Image Critique: Assessing Image Receptor Exposure, Contrast, Spatial Resolution, and Distortion
Laboratory 30-1 Estimating Focal Spot Size
Laboratory 30-2 Evaluating Collimator, Central Ray, and Bucky Tray Alignment
Laboratory 30-3 Evaluating Distance, Centering, and Angulator Accuracy
Laboratory 30-4 Evaluating Kilovoltage Accuracy
Laboratory 30-5 Evaluating Exposure Reproducibility, mA Linearity, and mR/mAs
Laboratory 30-6 Rejected-Image Studies

UNIT V: Special Imaging Systems and Modalities
Laboratory 31-1 The Effect of Alignment and Distance on Mobile Radiographic Image Quality
Laboratory 32-1 Fluoroscopic Automatic Brightness Controls
Worksheet 33-1 Tomography and Digital Tomosynthesis
Worksheet 34-1 Mammography Equipment
Worksheet 35-1 Bone Densitometry
Worksheet 36-1 Vascular Imaging Equipment
Worksheet 37-1 Computed Tomography
Worksheet 38-1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Laboratory 38-2 Evaluating Magnetic Resonance Images
Worksheet 39-1 Nuclear Medicine Equipment
Laboratory 39-2 Evaluating Nuclear Medicine Images
Worksheet 40-1 Radiation Therapy
Worksheet 41-1 Ultrasound Image Studies
Worksheet 41-2 Doppler Image Studies

Richard R. Carlton, MS, R.T.(R)(CV), FAEIRS, Director, Radiologic Sciences, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA, Arlene M. Adler, MEd, R.T.(R), FAEIRS, Professor and Director, Radiologic Sciences Programs, Indiana University Northwest, Gary, Indiana, USA, Vesna Balac, EdD, RT(R), (MR)(ARRT), Radiologic Sciences Programs Department Chair, Radiography Program Director, Assistant Professor, Indiana University Northwest, Gary, IN, USA and Kori L. Stewart, Ph.D., R.T.(R)(CT)(ARRT), CIIP, Director, Radiologic Sciences Program, Associate Professor of Diagnostic Imaging Quinnipiac University, North Haven, CT, United States